Dr. Dan Lipori's Website

Bilbiography/Footnote Questions

If you still have a question or two after looking at the sample footnote/bibliography entries, perhaps these will help you.

-Whenever page numbers are included, always carry over two digits, unless of course the numbers go from one hundred to another hundred. (i.e. 257-76; 295-310)

-Occasionally you will see two different cities listed as the location of a publisher (i.e. New York and London). Only one city will be listed in the bibliography. It should say somewhere as to which city the book you are looking at was published. Most of the time it is the one closest to you (the one in the US!).

-If the city of publication is a well known city (i.e. London or Chicago) than this should be enough information. However, if the city is not well known (i.e. Englewood Cliffs or Lincoln), then you need to add the two letter state abbreviation after the city (i.e. Englewood Cliffs, NJ or Lincoln, NE). For a foreign city, write out the entire country.

-There are two types of journals with regard to how page numbers are presented in subsequent issues within a volume. One type has the page numbers continue on from the previous issue (i.e. Volume 2 No. 1 has pages 1-60 while Volume 2 No. 2 has pages 61-120) If that is the case, you need only to list the volume number in the citation and do not need to list the issue number. If though, with each new issue the page numbers start at one again (i.e. Volume 2 No. 1 is pages 1-60 and Volume 2 No. 2 is pages 1-55) then you must include the issue number in your citation. Of course the easiest way to see which type of journal you have is to look at another issue within the volume and compare page numbers.

-There should be a single space after every word or punctuation mark in an individual entry. Do not double space after a colon.

-For a bibliography entry, the first line is aligned left while all other lines will be indented. A footnote entry is the opposite. The first line will be indented and all other lines will be aligned left.

-For entries in English, capitalize all the large words, whether or not this is done in the actual source. (i.e. A Bibliography of Scholarly Writings on the Harmonica)