Name: ______________________________ Title: Exam 2 Course: FCSN 245-Basic Nutrition Prof: David L. Gee, PhD Date: February 18, 2003 1. Cholesterol: a. should be avoided completely if possible b. has no use in the human body c. can be synthesized by the body d. has no relationship to heart disease according to present day research e. is a dietary requirement to make steroid hormones 2. It is possible to lower an elevated serum cholesterol level by : a. decreasing the percent of calories from fat b. increasing the the consumption of mono and poly- unsaturated fat c. decreasing the consumption of saturated fat d. decreasing cholesterol intake e. all of the above 3. Which of the following fats has the most cholesterol a. olive oil b. peanut oil c. canola oil d. coconut oil e. none of the above have much cholesterol 4. Coronary heart disease is associated with plaques developing a. on the heart valves b. in the walls of the heart c. on the carotid arteries of the neck d. on the arteries on the surface of the heart providing the heart with blood and nutrients e. all of the above 5. A food containing 1000 mg of salt contains ___ mg of sodium. a. 1000 b. 600 c. 800 d. 400 e. 200 6. The American Cancer Society's Dietary Recommendations to reduce risk of cancer includes all except which of the following: a. maintain a healthy weight b. eat a varied diet c. cut down of total fat intake d. limit consumption of alcohol e. consume more antioxidant rich salt-cured, smoked, and nitrite preserved foods 7. Strokes in which blockage of an artery to the brain causing inadequate oxygen delivery is called: a. hemorrhagic stroke b. ischemic stroke c. hypertensive stroke d. hypoglycemic stroke - 2- Name: ______________________________ Title: Exam 2 8. Lecithin is a: a. lipoprotein b. phospholipid c. enzyme d. polyunsaturated fat e. sterol 9. The best source of polyunsaturated fatty acids is: a. lard b. butter c. margarine d. corn oil e. coconut oil 10. Olestra or Olean is a. a good source of phospholipids b. a non-digestible fat substitute c. a good source of omega-3 fatty acids d. a product of hydrogenated fats e. none of the above 11. Which of the following fats has the most saturated fat? a. olive oil b. peanut oil c. canola oil d. coconut oil e. none of the above have much saturated fat 12. Elevation of which of the following has the strongest risk for developing heart disease. a. oxidized LDL-cholesterol b. LDL-cholesterol c. total cholesterol d. HDL-cholesterol e. triglycerides 13. Which of the following is another name for a heart attack: a. atheroscleosis b. thrombosis c. myocardial infarction d. carcinogenesis e. angina 14. ____________ is the lipoprotein that delivers cholesterol to tissues and organs all over the body. a. chylomicron b. LDL c. IDL d. VLDL e. HDL - 3- Name: ______________________________ Title: Exam 2 15. Evidence that monounsaturated fat intake may protect against heart disease has come from the study of which population? a. Japanese fishermen b. Greenland eskimos c. American beef producers d. people in the Mediteranean area e. brewery workers in Germany 16. A monounsaturated fatty acid has ____ double bond(s). a. one b. two c. three d. four e. five 17. If one wanted to eat more omega-3 fatty acids, which of the following would provide a rich supply? a. broccoli b. ground beef c. salmon d. chicken e. corn oil 18. Hypertension is defined when a. the diastolic pressure is greater than 90. b. the systolic pressure is greater than 140. c. the anabolic pressure is greater than 120/80. d. a or b e. all of the above 19. A HDL-cholesterol value of _______ is considered to be a risk factor for developing coronary heart disease. a. above 160 mg/dl b. below 65 mg/dl c. above 200 mg/dl d. above 240 mg/dl e. below 40 mg/dl 20. Which of the following are NOT essential fatty acids: a. omega-3 fatty acids b. omega-9 fatty acids c. most of the fatty acids found in fatty fish flesh d. linoleic acid e. linolenic acid 21. Which of the following fats is present in the greatest quantity in the American diet. a. cholesterol b. phospholipids c. triglycerides d. omega-3 fatty acids e. eicosapentaenoic acids - 4- Name: ______________________________ Title: Exam 2 22. Essential fatty acids when used by the cells are converted to hormone like compounds that regulate vital body functions like blood pressure and blood clotting. These hormone-like compounds are called: a. phospholipids b. eicosanoids or prostaglandins c. steroids like estrogen d. mineralocorticoids e. triglycerides 23. Fatty Acids: a. are long chains of triglycerides b. are secreted by the stomach for digestion c. are broken down by lecithin d. are unsaturated in most animal fat e. none of the above 24. Linoleic acid is classified as an essential fatty acid because it: a. neutralizes cholesterol b. cannot by made in the body c. is a polyunsaturated fatty acid d. is essential in the structure of cell membranes e. c and d. 25. In the typical American diet, ____% of the salt in our diet is consumed in processed foods. a. 90% b. 75% c. 50% d. 30% e. 15% 26. Angina is most likely caused by a. astherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries b. low fiber diets c. high fructose diets d. essential fatty acid deficiencies e. b and d 27. The WHO and the Dietary Guidelines used for nutrition labeling recommends that the intake of salt be less than a. 1 gram per day b. 3 grams per day c. 4 grams per day d. 6 grams per day e. 8 grams per day 28. The leading cause of death in the US is: a. lung cancer b. diabetes mellitus type 1 c. coronary heart disease d. stroke e. AIDS - 5- Name: ______________________________ Title: Exam 2 29. In terms of heart disease, which of the following is true? a. as LDL-cholesterol levels increase, there is a decreased risk b. as HDL-cholesterol increase, there is an increased risk c. as LDL-cholesterol increase, there is an increased risk d. women are at a higher risk than men because of the lower HDL levels in women e. high levels of HDLs speed the development of heart disease 30. Consumption of one or two glasses of wine is thought to increase the level of HDL-cholesterol in humans. 31. Sodium restriction is effective in lowering blood pressure in over 90% of patients with hypertension. 32. Black Americans are more likely to have hypertension than White Americans. 33. The DASH-Sodium trial found that sodium restriction plus consuming the DASH diet reduced blood pressure in both hypertensive as well as borderline hypertensive subjects. 34. A malignant tumor is a mass of cancer cells that has spread into the adjacent tissue and causes harm to that organ. 35. Reducing ones consumption of dietary saturated fats is probably a more effective way of reducing ones blood cholesterol than reducing consumption of dietary cholesterol. 36. The Dietary Guidelines suggests that all Americans reduce their intake of salt by 80%. 37. A bag of potato chips that is labeled "cholesterol free" is clearly preferable than most other types of potato chips. 38. Scientists have conclusively shown that atherosclerosis is an irreversible process and that prevention involves slowing down of the process.