Data mining methods

Decision trees and first-order logic methods
Representational Engineering, Relational description
The computer-aided discovery of scientific knowledge 1.
The computer-aided discovery of scientific knowledge 2.
Probability  on-line book, Ed Jaynes (probability theory as extended logic/maximum entropy to assign probabilities)
UCI Machine Learning Papers
Generating Accurate Rule Sets  without Global Optimization, E. Frank and I. Witten
The Problem with Noise and Small Disjuncts, G. Weiss and H. Hirsh (Postscript)