Theme: Reconstruction was a small first step in securing civil and economic rights for blacks. When it ended, the federal government left blacks without the legal protections or material resources to resist white oppression. But Reconstruction did help African Americans create a social revolution and set legal precedents that could be exploited in the 20th century.

1) Radical Reconstruction

• Failure of Moderate Reconstruction by the Johnson Administration.

-- Southern Political and Racial Behavior

-- Johnson's relations with Congress.

• Radicals Take Over: 1866 Elections

-- "Moderate" Radical Reconstruction

-- Military Districts and Re-admission

-- Reconstruction Amendments--13th, 14th, and 15th.

2) Abandoning Reconstruction:

• Southern Resistance

• Panic of 1873

• Waning Northern Support

• Election of 1876

3) Political consequences of 1877 settlement.

• Reconstruction ends

• Condition of black citizenship

• One party rule in South

4) Sections Compromise on Meaning of the War and Reconstruction

• Southern Compromises

• Northern Compromises

 5) Social Implications of Freedom-- Autonomy and Separation

• Location

• Education

• Family

• Religion

6) Southern Economy--A New South?

•Southern Poverty--Why Did It Lag?

1) Investment

2) Debt

3) Labor: The Dilemma of the South

• White Goals

• Black Goals

• Compromise: Tenancy and Sharecropping

• Cycle of debt

• Single crop dependency

• Poor technology

• Small and Middle-class white farmers

• Industrialization

-- Textiles, Iron, Tobacco

• Why so little industry?

7) White over Black: Disenfranchisement and Violence

• Jim Crow

• Legal Basis of Jim Crow

-- Slaughterhouse Case (1873)

-- Civil Rights Cases (1883)

-- Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

• Voting

1) Poll Tax or property qualification

2) Literacy or understanding test

3) Grandfather clause

• Violence

-- The South: A Violent Society

-- The Value of Lynching

1) White Solidarity

2) Black Control

3) Psychological Benefits--Racial, Sexual, & Economic.